Glossary of Terms

A government authority or licence conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.

The exclusive legal right, given to the originator or an assignee, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material.

A symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

Confidential business information which provides a competitive edge and is protected from unauthorized acquisition, use, or disclosure.

Official permission to own, produce, or use something, usually granted in return for payment or under agreed conditions.

The process by which knowledge, technologies, or innovations developed in research institutions are transferred to industry for commercial use.

All information that has been made available to the public in any form before a given date that might be relevant to a patent's claims of originality.

A formal request submitted to a patent office requesting the grant of a patent for an invention.

The set of legal criteria an invention must meet to qualify for a patent, typically including novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability.

A measurement system used to assess the maturity level of a particular technology through stages ranging from basic research to fully operational systems.

Evidence demonstrating that a concept or idea is feasible and capable of being developed into a working model or product.

A first or preliminary model of a product from which other forms are developed or copied.

Original investigation undertaken to acquire new knowledge directed primarily toward a specific practical aim or objective.

Experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge about fundamental principles without a specific practical application in view.

A network of organizations, institutions, and individuals that interact to produce, diffuse, and apply new knowledge and innovations.

The process of transforming research findings and innovations into marketable products, services, or technologies.

The process of determining whether a product or service satisfies a real market need and has potential demand among customers.

The process of introducing a new product or service into the market and making it commercially available.

A legal contract in which the owner of intellectual property grants permission to another party to use that property under specified conditions.

A new company formed to develop and commercialize technology or intellectual property originating from an existing organization, often a university or research institution.

Money invested in small or emerging companies that are believed to have long-term growth potential.

A program designed to support early-stage companies by providing mentorship, resources, workspace, and access to investors.

Partnerships between universities and industry organizations to conduct research, develop technologies, and translate knowledge into practical applications.

Financial support provided by a government, institution, or organization to fund research projects.

A cooperative arrangement between public sector bodies and private sector companies to finance, build, or operate projects or services.

Financial resources provided to support the development and commercialization of new technologies, products, or processes.